Tuesday, July 2, 2019

World famous Myanmar primates from Bahin area



World famous Myanmar primates from Bahin area
Mann Thit Nyein (Archaeology)
            It has been 10 years since I start participating in Myanmar-France field survey on primate fossil in 2008. In the first year our trip to Bahin Village in Myaing Township via Pyay and Pakokku was a very difficult one. Road transport was very bad. As some rains had fallen I vividly remember reciting all the religious verses I knew as we made the journey arduously.
             Bahin Village in Magway Region, Pakokku District, Myaing Township had now become a major village tract and the 27 miles journey from Pakokku to Myaing and 16 miles trip from Myaing to Bahin Village can be made on decent modern buses that ply daily to and fro. Bahin Village Tract consist of Htanaunggon, Oo Nap Yin  , Shan Tone, Magyikan, Nandawya, Spaykan and Paukkhaung villages and Bahin Village itself had close to 500 households. The village tract with Bahin village and seven other villages had more than 2,000 households in total.
            There’s one sub-high school in Bahin village in addition to one station hospital where treatments were provided full time. The major economic activity was agriculture and trade. The village market was full of buyers and sellers from Pakokku, Myaing and Monywa as well as nearby villages and in addition to having a good living standard it also had a police station that contributes toward security and rule of law.
            Bahin Village also had the historical Shwe Hintha Pagoda and when the annual pagoda festival was held on the Full Moon Day of Tabaung, it attracts merchants from Pakkoku, Myaing and Monywa and devotees and revellers from nearby villages. In addition to all of these, Bahin Village and its vicinity became a world famous place in archaeology after discovery of more than 40 million years old fossil remains of primates. The latest addition to this village now will be a museum displaying the fossil remains discovered in the area. The museum was constructed by Department of Archaeology and National Museum.
            Primates are any mammal of the group that includes the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans. Humans and primates had similar evolutionary process. Primates were descendent of tree dwellers. The original habitats of primates are important in the study of its evolutionary process. Primate fossils from Eocene period (55 million to 38 million years ago) were found but most were found from the Oligocene period that starts about 38 million years ago.
            Primate fossils such as Amphipithecus and Pondaungia from about 40 million years ago found in Myanmar was the oldest discovered in the world. Looking back, in 1914 palaeontologist G.D.P. Cotter found the first primate fossil of Myanmar in Pangan, Myaing Township. In honour of the founder, it was named Pondaungia Cotteri. In 1923 Dr. Barnum Brown found another primate fossil near Mogaung village, Pale Township which was named Amphipithecus mogaungensis in honour of the place where it was discovered. In April 1978 Mandalay University Geology Department Lecturer U Ba Maw led 13 students on a field survey in Sagaing Region, Pale Township, Mogaung Village and found two primate teeth fossil remains. The tooth fossil remains were Amphipithecus and Pondaungia discovered by Myanmar experts for the first time. In October 1978 Mandalay University Geology Department Lecturer U Thaw Tint together with demonstrators conducted a field survey near Moguang Village and found more primate teeth fossil remains.
            On 14 February 1997 State Peace and Development Council Secretary 1 Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt directed Tatmadaw Office of Strategic Studies and expert geologists from Ministry of Education to jointly explore and search for fossilized remains in Pondaung and formed a Fossil Exploration Team led by Col. Than Tun which conducted exploration works in Pale Township and Myaing Township.
            Upon invitation international fossilogists also cooperated and participated in the exploration works. Now, 21 years has passed since Japan and French fossilogists has worked together with Myanmar experts and throughout this period more primate fossil remains were found.
            Bahinia Pondaungisis found in the area was considered and widely accepted as the oldest primate fossil found in the world. Ganlea megacanina, a primate lower jaw fossil remain found in November 2008 at Myaing Township Pauk Khaung Village was about 38 million years old.
            According to Dr. Chris Beard, palaeontologist at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Museum of Natural History, discovery of Ganlea megacanina primate put up a new thought to the previously accepted concept of primates originating from Africa. This discovery was also important in the study of the evolution of Myanmar primates.
            The six Myanmar primates fossils Pondaungia, Amphipitehcus, Bahinia, Ganlea, Colonbine and Myanmarpithecus found in Pondaung area were of mid or late Eocene period. The search for primate fossil has been conducted since 1997 and new discovery will become rare and more difficult. As there can be instances of smuggling abroad fossilized remains it should be noted that this amount to destruction and removing our cultural and historical heritages. Now, 25 areas near the vicinity of Magway Region, Pakokku District, Myaing Township, Bahin Village where primate fossil remains were discovered were designated as protected zones. As such locals and the people of the county should come together to protect and maintain this Bahin area as an important cultural and historical heritage area.



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-      A[if;&GmESifhA[if;omoem    y&d,wådo'¨[dw"&"r®mp&d, omoe"Z"r®mp&d,
'kwd,em,u- wdkuftkyfpmcs ta&SUawm& t&Sif ygarmu©
-      ysLEdkifiHawmfESifhysLEdkifiHom;rsm; EdkifaZmf
-      Review of the investigation of primate fossils in Myanmar- ZIN-MAUNG-MAUNG-THEIN1*, THAUNG-HTIKE2, AUNG NAING SOE3, CHIT SEIN4,MAUNG-MAUNG5 & MASANARU TAKAI6

Ancient Myanmar wooden monasteries in Mandalay



Ancient Myanmar wooden monasteries in Mandalay
News – Min Htat Aung (Mann Sub Printing House)
Photo – Aung Phyo Kyaw
            Mandalay is where Myanmar’s cultural heritages are. Many ancient Myanmar wooden monasteries with late Konbaung dynasty’s Inwa, Amarapura and Yadanapon era architectural and construction styles were constructed in Mandalay. The monasteries were treasured and well maintained and thus can be seen in magnificent forms today.
            People of Myanmar construct monasteries for monks to live peacefully and conduct their religious duties. As they construct these monasteries, they adorn it with their artistic skills. The treasured and well maintained monasteries then became places where ancient traditional architectural and construction styles were maintained and preserved together with the teachings and practices of Buddhism.
            Some of these splendid ancient Myanmar wooden monasteries can be seen in Shwe In Pin Monastery and Kin Wun Min Gyi Monastery in Maha Aung Mye Township, Thingaza Monastery in Daywun West Ward, Bhamo Monastery, Kyay Myin monastery and Yamethin monastery in Aungmyethazan Township and Maha Min Htin monastery in Chanmyathazi Township.





 ေရွးေဟာင္းစံျပ ျမန္မာ့သစ္သားဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းမ်ားအား မႏၱေလးၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္အတြင္း ခံ့ညားထည္၀ါစြာ ေတြ႕ျမင္ေလ့လာႏုိင္


















မႏၱေလး ဧၿပီ ၁
ျမန္မာ့ယဥ္ေက်းမႈအေမြအႏွစ္မ်ား စုေ၀းတည္ရွိရာ မႏၱေလးၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္အတြင္း၌ ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳးတုိ႔၏ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈျပယုဂ္အျဖစ္ ကုန္းေဘာင္ ေခတ္ေႏွာင္း၊ အင္း၀၊ အမရပူရႏွင့္ ရတနာပုံေခတ္ ဗိသုကာအႏုပညာလက္ရာမ်ားျဖင့္  တည္ေဆာက္လွဴဒါန္းခဲ့ၾကသည့္ ေရွးေဟာင္း ျမန္မာ့သစ္သားဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းမ်ားကုိ ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ တန္ဖုိးထား ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္မႈမ်ားျဖင့္ ယေန႔တုိင္ ခံ့ညားထည္၀ါစြာ ေတြ႕ျမင္ေလ့လာႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ေရွးေခတ္ ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳးတုိ႔သည္ သာသနာ၀န္ထမ္း ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ား ေအးခ်မ္းသာယာစြာ သီတင္းသုံးေနထုိင္၍ သာသနာတာ၀န္မ်ားကုိ ထမ္းေဆာင္ႏုိင္ေစရန္ႏွင့္ ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈအေမြအႏွစ္ လက္ရာမ်ား မေပ်ာက္ကြယ္ေစေရး တုိ႔အတြက္ ထိန္းသိမ္းျပသရာ ေနရာတစ္ခုအျဖစ္ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းမ်ားကို ေဆာက္လုပ္လွဴဒါန္းခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္းကို စာေပ အေထာက္အထားမ်ားသာမက ၾကြင္းက်န္ရစ္ေသာ ရုပ္၀တၳဳ အေဆာက္အအုံမ်ားအရ သိရရွိႏုိင္ေပသည္။
ေရွးေခတ္ျမန္မာ့ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းမ်ား ေဆာက္လုပ္ရာတြင္ ေက်ာင္းဦး၊ ျပာသာဒ္ေဆာင္၊ စႏုေဆာင္၊ ေဆာင္မႀကီးႏွင့္ ေဘာဂ ေဆာင္မ်ား ပါ၀င္ဖြဲ႕စည္းေဆာက္လုပ္ထားၾကၿပီး အဆိုပါဖြဲ႕စည္းပုံ အျပည့္အစုံျဖင့္ ရွားပါးအဖုိးတန္စြာ က်န္ရွိေနသည့္ သစ္သားဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းမ်ားအား ေရွးေဟာင္းသုေတသနႏွင့္ ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ သီတင္းသုံးေနထုိင္ခဲ့ၾကသည့္ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားမွ ျပဳျပင္မြမ္းမံမႈမ်ားျဖင့္ ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္လ်က္ရွိေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
မႏၱေလးၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္အတြင္း၌ ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ တည္ေဆာက္လွဴဒါန္းခဲ့ၾကေသာ ေရွးေဟာင္းယဥ္ေက်းမႈ အေမြအႏွစ္လက္ရာ သစ္သားေက်ာင္းေတာ္ႀကီးမ်ားအား ေတြ႕ျမင္ႏုိင္ေသာ္လည္း ျမန္မာ့ယဥ္ေက်းမႈျပယုဂ္အျဖစ္ အေဆာင္ဖြဲ႕စည္းမႈမ်ားပါ၀င္ေသာ စံျပျမန္မာ့သစ္သား ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းမ်ားကို မဟာေအာင္ေျမၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္းရွိ ေရႊအင္ပင္ေက်ာင္း၊ ကင္း၀န္မင္းႀကီးေက်ာင္းတုိက္အတြင္းရွိ သာက၀န္ေက်ာင္း၊ ေဒး၀န္းအေနာက္ရပ္ကြက္ရွိ သဂၤဇာေက်ာင္း၊ ဗန္းေမာ္ေက်ာင္းတုိက္ အတြင္းရွိ ဗန္းေမာ္ေက်ာင္း၊ ေအာင္ေျမသာစံၿမိဳ႕နယ္ အေရွ႕ျပင္ မဟာ၀ိသုဒၶါရာမေက်ာင္းတုိက္အတြင္းရွိ ေၾကးျမင္မိဖုရားေက်ာင္း၊ ရမည္းသင္းေက်ာင္းႏွင့္ ခ်မ္းျမသာစည္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္းရွိ မဟာမင္းထင္ေက်ာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ ဂုဏ္ယူ၀ံ့ၾကြားစြာ ေတြ႕ျမင္ႏုိင္ၾကမည္ ျဖစ္ေပသည္။
မင္းထက္ေအာင္(မန္းကိုယ္ပြား)၊ ဓာတ္ပုံ- ေအာင္ၿဖိဳးေက်ာ္